End of 4th century B.C.
Pafos was established by Nicocles, the last king of Old Pafos.

294 B.C.
Cyprus becomes part of the Ptolemaion Kingdom

End of 2nd century B.C.
The Ptolemaions make Pafos the capital of Cyprus, a position that Pafos maintains for 500 years

58 B.C.
Cyprus is annexed to Rome.

45-46 B.C.
Apostle Paul and Barnabas arrive in Pafos to introduce Christianity to Cyprus. In Nea (New) Pafos Apostle Paul converts the Roman Proconsul Sergio Pavlos to Christianity, and from then Cyprus becomes the first Roman province to be governed by a Christian.

End 2nd Century B.C. - End of 3rd Century A.D.
Nea Pafos reaches its highest peak. The emperor Semtimios Severos receives the greatest title in the history of Pafos “Respected Claudio Flavia”, the Holy Metropolis of the cities of Cyprus.

4th century A.D. (first half)
Pafos suffered from a catastrophic earthquake, leaving the town in ruins. The capital is transferred from Pafos to Salamina.

Approx. 300 A.D.
Cyprus becomes part of the Western Roman Empire (Byzantine).

After 7th Century- Mid 10th century
Pafos is attacked by Arab raiders. Pafos notices a slow but consistent decline.

965-1191
Cyprus again becomes part of the Byzantine empire. Cyprus repossesses its former glory.

1192-1489
The kingdom of Cyprus is transferred to the Frankish, Guy de Lusaignan. The progress of Pafos continues (the Saranta Kolones, the Pafos Harbour is protected by a fortress, and Gothic churches were getting built.

1489-1570
Cyprus is under Venetian rule. The decrease in development (which began towards the end of the Frankish period) continues.

1878-1960
Cyprus is under British rule. Ktima is one of the six major cities that has its own regional ruling power judicially, politically and financially. The first elected mayor was a Turkish Cypriot, however, from 1880 onwards the Mayor has been Greek Cypriot. In 1931, Pafos participated in the revolt against the British empire by setting the police station on fire and demonstrations. In 1953 huge anti-colonial demonstrations took part in the town due to the coronation of the Queen of England. In September 1953, Pafos suffered another severe earthquake causing many casualties and leaving some buildings in ruins. In 1955-59 Pafos participated in their struggle for independence and many Pafians lost their lives for their freedom, one of the most famous hero was the 18yr old student, Evagoras Pallikarides –who was executed by hanging.

1960-today
Cyprus becomes an independent nation. In March 1964 bloody clashes between Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots has occurred, and during August of that year the Turkish air-force continuously bombarded the area of Tylliria, causing many casualties.

During the betrayed coup of 15th July 1974 against the legal government of president Makarios, Pafos was the bastion of the resistance. During the Turkish invasion that followed (July-August) bloody battles between both communities (Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot) took place, particularly in the Turkish Cypriot part of the town Moutallos.

Since the declaration of independence Pafos begins to develop financially particularly in the agricultural industry. After the invasion of 1974, Pafos enters a new form of development, Tourism. Over the last 20 years important infrastructural projects contributed to the development of Pafos, e.g. Pafos international airport, Limassol - Pafos Highway. Pafos irrigation system.

In 1980 the archaeological sites of New Pafos (Kato Pafos) and the Sanctuary of Aphrodite in Pale Pafos (Kouklia) were included in the International Cultural Heritage Sites Of UNESCO